This report on The Science, Technology and Innovation Ecosystem of Cambodia was produced by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) in collaboration with the General Department of Science, Technology & Innovation (GDSTI) of MISTI to support the formulation of national STI policies. It examines the current policy frameworks, key stakeholders, and the strengths and weaknesses of the national innovation system. Based on the assessment, the report explores five policy strategies to be considered by policymakers: i) enhance the governance structure of the STI system, ii) develop the national STI workforce, iii) strengthen research capacity and quality, iv) increase collaboration and linkages between different actors, and v) foster an enabling environment for innovation. Furthermore, this assessment also provides the analytical basis for Cambodia’s Science, Technology & Innovation Roadmap 2030, which has been developed by MISTI with the support of ESCAP. This Roadmap will guide government officials and other key stakeholders on the critical actions required to enhance national STI capabilities and nurture a dynamic innovation ecosystem.