This report identifies the sources and pathways of plastic pollution in Vietnam. Based on the field surveys, it finds out that plastic waste accounts for the majority of waste found in river and coastal sites, accounting for 94 percent of the waste by the total number of items and 71 percent by weight. Besides, the top ten common plastic items account for more than 80 percent of the total plastic waste leaking into waterways, and more than 60 percent of plastic items are single-use plastics. This report also outlines recommendations from the World Bank, which proposes a policy roadmap to reduce the usage of the most common single-use plastic (SUP) items. The top three items are non-degradable plastic bags, expanded polystyrene (EPS) food containers, and plastic straws. Other items are those used in food take-away, catering, and tourism businesses. This report summarizes a broad range of policies for eliminating SUPs, including restricting the distribution of SUPs, charging fees when SUPs are used, and banning certain SUPs. To avoid disruptive economic impacts, the roadmap recommends reducing SUPs in phases, beginning with restrictions and fees and gradually progressing toward total bans. It also proposes a coordination mechanism among relevant stakeholders, critical to effectively implementing policy interventions.